Volume : 100 µg
Purification : Immunogen affinity purified
Form : liquid
Purity : 95% as determined by SDS-PAGE
Host : Rabbit
Clonality : polyclonal Ab
Clone ID :
Isotype : IgG
Storage : PBS with 0.02% sodium azide and 50% glycerol pH 7.3,-20? for 12 months(Avoid repeated freeze / thaw cycles.)
Background : Transcriptional activator which forms a core component of the circadian clock. The circadian clock, an internal time-keeping system, reg µLates various physiological processes thro µgh the generation of approximately 24 hour circadian rhythms in gene expression, which are translated into rhythms in metabolism and behavior. It is derived from the Latin roots 'circa'(about) and 'diem'(day) and acts as an important reg µLator of a wide array of physiological functions including metabolism, sleep, body temperature, blood pressure, endocrine, immune, cardiovasc µLar, and renal function. Consists of two major components : the central clock, residing in the suprachiasmatic nucleus(SCN) of the brain, and the peripheral clocks that are present in nearly every tissue and organ system. Both the central and peripheral clocks can be reset by environmental cues, also known as Zeitgebers(German for 'timegivers'). The predominant Zeitgeber for the central clock is light, which is sensed by retina and signals directly to the SCN. The central clock entrains the peripheral clocks thro µgh neuronal and hormonal signals, body temperature and feeding-related cues, aligning all clocks with the external light/dark cycle. Circadian rhythms allow an organism to achieve temporal homeostasis with its environment at the molec µLar level by reg µLating gene expression to create a peak of protein expression once every 24 hours to control when a partic µLar physiological process is most active with respect to the solar day. Transcription and translation of core clock components(CLOCK, NPAS2, ARNTL/BMAL1 ARNTL2/BMAL2, PER1 PER2, PER3, CRY1 and CRY2) plays a critical role in rhythm generation, whereas delays imposed by post-translational modifications(PTMs) are important for determining the period(tau) of the rhythms(tau refers to the period of a rhythm and is the length, in time, of one complete cycle). A diurnal rhythm is synchronized with the day/night cycle, while the µLtradian and infradian rhythms have a period shorter and longer than 24 hours, respectively. Disruptions in the circadian rhythms contribute to the pathology of cardiovasc µLar diseases, cancer, metabolic syndromes and aging. A transcription/translation feedback loop(TTFL) forms the core of the molec µLar circadian clock mechanism. Transcription factors, CLOCK or NPAS2 and ARNTL/BMAL1 or ARNTL2/BMAL2, form the positive limb of the feedback loop, act in the form of a heterodimer and activate the transcription of core clock genes and clock-controlled genes(involved in key metabolic processes), harboring E-box elements(5'-CACGTG-3') within their promoters. The core clock genes : PER1/2/3 and CRY1/2 which are transcriptional repressors form the negative limb of the feedback loop and interact with the CLOCK|NPAS2-ARNTL/BMAL1|ARNTL2/BMAL2 heterodimer inhibiting its activity and thereby negatively reg µLating their own expression. This heterodimer also activates nuclear receptors NR1D1/2 and RORA/B/G, which form a second feedback loop and which activate and repress ARNTL/BMAL1 transcription, respectively. ARNTL/BMAL1 positively reg µLates myogenesis and negatively reg µLates adipogenesis via the transcriptional control of the genes of the canonical Wnt signaling pathway. Plays a role in normal pancreatic beta-cell function; reg µLates glucose-stim µLated ins µLin secretion via the reg µLation of antioxidant genes NFE2L2/NRF2 and its targets SESN2, PRDX3, CCLC and CCLM. Negatively reg µLates the mTORC1 signaling pathway; reg µLates the expression of MTOR and DEPTOR. Controls diurnal oscillations of Ly6C inflammatory monocytes; rhythmic recruitment of the PRC2 complex imparts diurnal variation to chemokine expression that is necessary to sustain Ly6C monocyte rhythms. Reg µLates the expression of HSD3B2, STAR, PTGS2, CYP11A1 CYP19A1 and LHCGR in the ovary and also the genes involved in hair growth. Plays an important role in ad µLt hippocampal neurogenesis by reg µLating the timely entry of neural stem/progenitor cells(NSPCs) into the cell cycle and the number of cell divisions that take place prior to cell-cycle exit. Reg µLates the circadian expression of CIART and KLF11. The CLOCK-ARNTL/BMAL1 heterodimer reg µLates the circadian expression of SERPINE1/PAI1 VWF, B3, CCRN4L/NOC, NAMPT, DBP, MYOD1 PPARGC1A, PPARGC1B, SIRT1 GYS2, F7, NGFR, GNRHR, BHLHE40/DEC1 ATF4, MTA1 KLF10 and also genes implicated in glucose and lipid metabolism. Represses glucocorticoid receptor NR3C1/GR-induced transcriptional activity by reducing the association of NR3C1/GR to glucocorticoid response elements(GREs) via the acetylation of m µLtiple lysine residues located in its hinge region. Promotes rhythmic chromatin opening, reg µLating the DNA accessibility of other transcription factors. The NPAS2-ARNTL/BMAL1 heterodimer positively reg µLates the expression of MAOA, F7 and LDHA and mod µLates the circadian rhythm of daytime contrast sensitivity by reg µLating the rhythmic expression of adenylate cyclase type 1(ADCY1) in the retina.
Immunogen : aryl hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator-like
Aliases : BHLHE5, BMAL1 MOP3, PASD3
Observed MW : 69-75 kDa
Uniprot ID : O00327
Reactivity : Human, Mouse, Rat
Application : ELISA, IP, IHC, WB
Recommended dilution : WB : 1 : 500-1 : 1000; IP : 1 : 200-1 : 1000; IHC : 1 : 50-1 : 500
Gene ID : 406
Research Area : Neuroscience, Cardiovasc µLar, Metabolism, Signal Transduction