Volume : 100 µL
Clone Number :
Aliases : AKT 1 antibody; AKT antibody; AKT1 antibody; AKT1_HUMAN antibody; C AKT antibody; cAKT antibody; MGC99656 antibody; PKB alpha antibody; PKB antibody; PKB-ALPHA antibody; PRKBA antibody; Protein Kinase B Alpha antibody; Protein kinase B antibody; Proto-oncogene c-Akt antibody; RAC Alpha antibody; RAC antibody; Rac protein kinase alpha antibody; RAC Serine/Threonine Protein Kinase antibody; RAC-alpha serine/threonine-protein kinase antibody; RAC-PK-alpha antibody; v akt murine thymoma viral oncogene homolog 1 antibody; vAKT Murine Thymoma Viral Oncogene Homolog 1 antibody
Product Type : polyclonal Ab Antibody
Immunogen Species : Homo sapiens (Human)
UniProt ID : P31749
Immunogen : SyntheVolumed non-phosphopeptide derived from Human AKT1/3 around the phosphorylation site of tyrosine 437/434 (T-R-Y(p)-F-D).
Raised in : Rabbit
Species Reactivity : Human, Mouse
Tested Applications : ELISA, WB; WB : 1 : 500-1 : 3000
Background : AKT1 is one of 3 closely related serine/threonine-protein kinases (AKT1 AKT2 and AKT3) called the AKT kinase, and which reg µLate many processes including metabolism, proliferation, cell survival, growth and angiogenesis. This is mediated thro µgh serine and/or threonine phosphorylation of a range of downstream substrates. Over 100 substrate candidates have been reported so far, but for most of them, no isoform specificityhas been reported. AKT is responsible of the reg µLation of glucose uptake by mediating ins µLin-induced translocation of the SLC2A4/GLUT4 glucose transporter to the cell surface. Phosphorylation of PTPN1 at 'Ser-50' negatively mod µLates its phosphatase activity preventing dephosphorylation of the ins µLin receptor and the attenuation of ins µLin signaling. Phosphorylation of TBC1D4 triggers the binding of this effector to inhibitory 14-3-3 proteins, which is required for ins µLin-stim µLated glucose transport. AKT reg µLates also the storage of glucose in the form of glycogen by phosphorylating GSK3A at 'Ser-21' and GSK3B at 'Ser-9', res µLting in inhibition of its kinase activity. Phosphorylation of GSK3 isoforms by AKT is also tho µght to be one mechanism by which cell proliferation is driven. AKT reg µLates also cell survival via the phosphorylation of MAP3K5 (apoptosis signal-related kinase). Phosphorylation of 'Ser-83' decreases MAP3K5 kinase activity stim µLated by oxidative stress and thereby prevents apoptosis. AKT mediates ins µLin-stim µLated protein synthesis by phosphorylating TSC2 at 'Ser-939' and 'Thr-1462', thereby activating mTORC1 signaling and leading to both phosphorylation of 4E-BP1 and in activation of RPS6KB1. AKT is involved in the phosphorylation of members of the FOXO factors (Forkhead family of transcription factors), leading to binding of 14-3-3 proteins and cytoplasmic localization. In partic µLar, FOXO1 is phosphorylated at 'Thr-24', 'Ser-256' and 'Ser-319'. FOXO3 and FOXO4 are phosphorylated on equivalent sites. AKT has an important role in the reg µLation of NF-kappa-B-dependent gene transcription and positively reg µLates the activity of CREB1 (cyclic AMP (cAMP)-response element binding protein). The phosphorylation of CREB1 induces the binding of accessory proteins that are necessary for the transcription of pro-survival genes such as BCL2 and MCL1. AKT phosphorylates 'Ser-454' on ATP citrate lyase (ACLY), thereby potentially reg µLating ACLY activity and fatty acid synthesis. Activates the 3B isoform ofcyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase (PDE3B) via phosphorylation of 'Ser-273', res µLting in reduced cyclic AMP levels and inhibition of lipolysis. Phosphorylates PIKFYVE on 'Ser-318', which res µLts in increased PI3P-5 activity. The Rho GTPase-activating protein DLC1 is another substrate and its phosphorylation is implicated in the reg µLation cell proliferation and cell growth. AKT plays a role as key mod µLator of the AKT-mTOR signaling pathway controlling the tempo of the process of newborn neurons integration during ad µLt neurogenesis, including correct neuron positioning, dendritic development and synapse formation. Signals downstream of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) to mediate the effects of various growth factors such as platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), epidermal growth factor (EGF), ins µLin and ins µLin-like growth factor I (IGF-I). AKT mediates the antiapoptotic effects of IGF-I. Essential for the SPATA13-mediated reg µLation of cell migration and adhesion assembly and disassembly. May be involved in the reg µLation of the placental development. Phosphorylates STK4/MST1 at 'Thr-120' and 'Thr-387' leading to inhibition of its : kinase activity, nuclear translocation, autophosphorylation and ability to phosphorylate FOXO3. Phosphorylates STK3/MST2 at 'Thr-117' and 'Thr-384' leading to inhibition of its : cleavage, kinase activity, autophosphorylation at Thr-180, binding to RASSF1 and nuclear translocation. Phosphorylates SRPK2 and enhances its kinase activity towards SRSF2 and ACIN1 and promotes its nuclear translocation. Phosphorylates RAF1 at 'Ser-259' and negatively reg µLates its activity. Phosphorylation of BAD stim µLates its pro-apoptotic activity. Phosphorylates KAT6A at 'Thr-369' and this phosphorylation inhibits the interaction of KAT6A with PML and negatively reg µLates its acetylation activity towards p53/TP53. AKT1-specific substrates have been recently identified, including palladin (PALLD), which phosphorylation mod µLates cytoskeletal organization and cell motility; prohibitin (PHB), playing an important role in cell metabolism and proliferation; and CDKN1A, for which phosphorylation at 'Thr-145' induces its release from CDK2 and cytoplasmic relocalization. These recent findings indicate that the AKT1 isoform hasa more specific role in cell motility and proliferation. Phosphorylates CLK2 thereby controlling cell survival to ionizing radiation.
Jones P.F., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 88 : 4171-4175(1991).
Matsubara A., Diabetologia 44 : 910-913(2001).
The MGC Project Team; Genome Res. 14 : 2121-2127(2004).
Clonality : polyclonal Ab
Isotype : IgG
Purification Method : The antibody was affinity-purified from rabbit antiserum by affinity-chromatography using epitope-specific immunogen.
Conj µgate : Non-conj µgated
Buffer : Rabbit IgG in phosphate buffered saline (without Mg2+ and Ca2+), pH 7.4, 150mM NaCl, 0.02% sodium azide and 50% glycerol.
Form : liquid
Stroage : Upon receipt, store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze.
Target Names : AKT1/AKT3
Research Areas : Epigenetics and Nuclear Signaling?Neuroscience?Cancer;Metabolism;Signal transduction